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    9/8/2009

    H1N1

    一、如何知道自己有沒有得H1N1?
     
    (一)症狀:

    新型流感除了有一般季節性流感症狀如發燒、頭痛、寒顫、咳嗽、流鼻水、肌肉痠痛、關節痛、極度疲倦、食慾不振之外,也容易出現眼睛紅、腹瀉等症狀。

    特別留意是否有併發症狀。臨床上發現,20%的成人病患會併發噁心、嘔吐、肚子痛、及拉肚子等症狀,小孩的比例更高達50%。
    此外,年紀小或是60歲以上的老人遇到季節流感,由於抵抗力弱,症狀會比較明顯、嚴重。

    但新流感不同,由於是新病毒,年輕人也沒有抵抗力,一旦出現明顯的發燒 、咳嗽、肌肉痛、疲勞等類流感症狀,有八成到九成都是感染新型流感。一旦感冒了,就儘快就醫治療。

    (二)有症狀要怎麼辦?

    應立即配戴口罩至鄰近醫療院所就醫。大部份感染H1N1新型流感者,症狀多為輕微,且一週內會痊癒,即使不需特殊治療也可康復,所以大多數人可以在家裡休養。

    但有少數人感染後病情迅速轉為重症,臨床醫生、病患及家庭照護者應對病情出現危險徵兆時要提高警覺,需送醫積極治療,避免轉為重症。危險徵兆如下:呼吸急促、呼吸困難、嘴唇發紫或變藍、血痰、胸痛、意識不清、高燒3天、低血壓。

     兒童危險徵兆包括呼吸急促或困難、嗜睡、精神不濟及玩耍意願降低等,也應特別注意。

     二、誰不能打疫苗?

    .曾對蛋過敏(因為疫苗使用雞胚胎製作);
    .曾對流感疫苗過敏者;
    .免疫功能不健全如愛滋病患者;
    .癌症患者;
    .正在發燒的病患;
    .正在服用阿斯匹靈或免疫製劑如類固醇(以免引起特別的併發症像是雷氏症候群)不能打流感疫苗及H1N1疫苗。

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